The Emergence of Northern Slaves and the Disappearance of Aspects of Confederate Culture
(A facts and reasons)
Abstract
At the end of the fifth millennium BC. It replaced the Halaf culture (or the Halaf era: which was named after the “old Kozana” Hill of Halaf on the Khabur River near the Turkish border in northern Syria, and which was characterized by the appearance of metals and their use in making machines and tools in addition to the distinctive stones and pottery. Therefore, it was called the Stone-Metallic Age. This era was also distinguished by its circular buildings or circular annexes to buildings, as well as the colorful and decorated pottery vessels that belong to the prehistoric era, which is the period that covers the early stages of human development and infers aspects of his activity in the period of time that preceded the emergence of writing and the recording of events estimated at more than 99. % of human life on Earth that took root in the northern part of Mesopotamia (which includes the entire area between and on both sides of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers from the Arabian Gulf to the city of Mosul. At some point, and for reasons we will mention, this culture was replaced by the Ubaid culture ( Culture or Era of Ubaid: It was named after Tell al-Ubaid, which is located 8 km west of Ur, which was characterized by an increase in population and the development of temple architecture and the art of three-dimensional sculpture, while we noticed a weakness in the manufacture of pottery vessels, which indicates a weak artistic level if it was done. Comparing it to Halaf, as it was rather ugly and was often colored black, it stood out clearly in this part of the country. This amazing change was observed by the first large-scale excavations carried out at the sites: Nineveh, Arbajiyeh, and Teppe Kura.
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