Transforming School Administration with Artificial Intelligence: Applications, Implications, and Future Directions
(A Conceptual Framework)
Keywords:
School Administration, Artificial Intelligence, Huang and Rust theory (2018)
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the applications and benefits of adopting and applying AI technologies in school management. It drew on the principles of Huang and Rust's (2018) theory of AI job substitution, and existing studies on ChatGPT, Large Language Models (LLMs), and AI. The results of this study indicated that ChatGPT and other similar models are likely to have a profound impact on many school management processes, such as simplifying administrative tasks and facilitating communication between school leaders, teachers, parents, and students. AI can also increase the efficiency of school Principals, enhance their communication, and provide personalized support. The study also examined the potential benefits and implications of using ChatGPT and other similar models in school management. The study concluded with a recommendations for future research.
References
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23. Green, F. (2021). British teachers’ declining job quality: Evidence from the skills and employment survey. Oxford Review of Education, 47(3), 386–403.
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27. Igbokwe, Innocent. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Educational Leadership: Risks and Responsibilities. European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. 1(3), 3-10.
28. Kafa, Antonios. (2025). Exploring integration aspects of school leadership in the context of digitalization and artificial intelligence. International Journal of Educational Management. 39(2). 98-115.
29. Karakose, T., & Tülübas, T. (2024). School leadership and management in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Recent developments and future prospects. Educational Process: International Journal, 13(1), 7–14.
30. Karakose, T., Demirkol, M., Yirci, R., Polat, H., Ozdemir, T. Y., & Tülübaş, T. (2023). A conversation with ChatGPT about digital leadership and technology integration: Comparative analysis based on human–ai collaboration. Administrative Sciences, 13(7), 157.
31. Khosravi, H., Shum, S. B., Chen, G., Conati, C., Tsai, Y.-S., Kay, J., Knight, S., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Sadiq, S., & Gašević, D. (2022). Explainable artificial intelligence in education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100074, Article 100074.
32. Lee, M., Hayes, D., & Maher, C. S. (2024). AI as a budgeting tool: Panacea or pandora’s box? Public Finance Journal, 1(1), 49–65.
33. Nabiyev, V. & Erümit, A. K. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education, from theory to practice. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publication.
34. Reid, D. B., & Creed, B. M. (2023). Visible at night: US school principal nontraditional work-hour activities and job satisfaction. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(5), 1123–1140.
35. Robinson, V., & Gray, E. (2019). What difference does school leadership make to student outcomes? Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 49(2), 171–187.
36. Schildkamp, K., Poortman, C. L., Ebbeler, J., & Pieters, J. M. (2019). How school leaders can build effective data teams: Five building blocks for a new wave of data-informed decision making. Journal of Educational Change, 20(3), 283–325.
37. Sebastian, J., Camburn, E. M., & Spillane, J. P. (2018). Portraits of principal practice: Time allocation and school principal work. Educational Administration Quarterly, 54(1), 47–84.
38. Sposato, M. Artificial intelligence in educational leadership: a comprehensive taxonomy and future directions. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 22, 20 (2025).
39. Van Quaquebeke, N., & Gerpott, F. H. (2023). The now, new, and next of digital leadership: How artificial intelligence (AI) will take over and change leadership as we know it. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 30(3), 265–275.
40. Wang, J., Fan, W. ( 2025). The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis. Humanit Soc Sci Commun, 12( 621) , 1 -17.
41. Wang, Y. (2021). Artificial intelligence in educational leadership: A symbiotic role of human-artificial intelligence decision-making. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(3), 256–270.
42. Yilmaz, A., Tekin, M.Z., Koç, A., Altun, R., & Aydın, M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence In Educational Management: Current Research, International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 10(29), 157-179.
43. Zhang, Y., Adams, D., & Cheah, K. S. L. (2022a). The relationship between technology leadership and teacher ICT competency in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 10285–10307.
44. Zhang, Y., Adams, D., & Cheah, K. S. L. (2023). Technology leadership for schools in the twenty-first century. In D. Adams (Ed.), Educational leadership: Contemporary theories, principles, and practices (pp. 151–165). Springer.
2. جندية ، خالد أحمد ، الصياح ، أنطوان .( 2025) .دور الذكاء الاصطناعي في تجويد القيادة الرقمية لدى مديري الثانويات الخاصة في طرابلس، مجلة ريحان للنشر العلمي ، ع( 54) ، 239 – 255.
3. الدسوقي ، دعاء محمد .( 2024). دور الذكاء الاصطناعي في تطوير منظومة الإدارة المدرسية ( الفرص والتحديات) . مجلة دراسات تربویة واجتماعیة - مجلة دوریة محكمة تصدر عن كلیة التربیة - جامعة حلوان ، 30(8)، 65 – 100.
4. متولي، مروة. (٢٠٢٥). الذكاء الاصطناعي في القيادة التربوية: التحديات والفرص. رسالة مقدمة إلى كلية الدراسات العليا، جامعة ليفربول جون مورز، ليفربول، المملكة المتحدة.
5. المسلمي ، على حمد ،والشرقاوي، صابر محمود. (2025). واقع استخدام أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي في الإدارة المدرسية بمدارس التعليم الأساسي بمحافظة الداخلية من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس . مجلة البحث العلمى فى التربية، 26( 6) ، 1 27.
6. Adams, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in educational leadership. International Online Journal of Educational Leadership, 7(1), 1–2.
7. Adams, D., & Thompson, P. (2025). Transforming School Leadership with Artificial Intelligence: Applications, Implications, and Future Directions. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 24(1), 77–89.
8. Adams, D., Chuah, K.-M., Devadason, E., & Abdul Azzis, M. S. (2023). From novice to navigator: Students’ academic help-seeking behaviour, readiness, and perceived usefulness of ChatGPT in learning. Education and Information Technologies, 29(11), 13617–13634.
9. Brown, M., McNamara, G., O’Brien, S., Skerritt, C., O’Hara, J., Faddar, J., Cinqir, S., Vanhoof, J., Figueiredo, M., & Kurum, G. (2020). Parent and student voice in evaluation and planning in schools. Improving Schools, 23(1), 85–102.
10. Chiu, T. K. F. (2023). The impact of Generative AI (GenAI) on practices, policies and research direction in education: A case of ChatGPT and Midjourney. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–17.
11. Chiu, T. K. F., Moorhouse, B. L., Chai, C. S., & Ismailov, M. (2023). Teacher support and student motivation to learn with Artificial Intelligence (AI) based chatbot. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–17.
12. Creagh, Sue & Thompson, Greg & Mockler, Nicole & Stacey, Meghan & Hogan, Anna. (2023). Workload, work intensification and time poverty for teachers and school leaders: a systematic research synthesis. Educational Review. 77(6), 1-20
13. Dai, Ruixun & Thomas, Matthew & Rawolle, Shaun. (2024). The roles of AI and educational leaders in AI-assisted administrative decision-making: a proposed framework for symbiotic collaboration. The Australian Educational Researcher. 52(3): 1 -17.
14. Datnow, A., Lockton, M., & Weddle, H. (2021). Capacity building to bridge data use and instructional improvement through evidence on student thinking. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 69, 100869, Article 100869
15. Day, C., Sammons, P., & Gorgen, K. (2020). Successful school leadership. Education Development Trust. https://edtlive.b-cdn.net/live/media/cvifybqp/successful-school-leadership-2020.pdf(open in a new window)
16. Dobrin, S. I. (2023). Talking about generative AI: A guide for educators. Broadview Press.
17. Dogan, M., & Arslan, H. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in School Leadership. Digital Pedagogy Journal, 4(1) 23-30. Bucharest: Institute for Education.
18. Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., Baabdullah, A. M., Koohang, A., Raghavan, V., Ahuja, M., Albanna, H., Albashrawi, M. A., Al-Busaidi, A. S., Balakrishnan, J., Barlette, Y., Basu, S., Bose, I., Brooks, L., Buhalis, D. … Wright, R. (2023). Opinion paper: “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102642, Article 102642.
19. Fullan, M., Azorín, C., Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence and school leadership: Challenges, opportunities and implications. School Leadership and Management, 44(4), 339–346.
20. Ghamrawi, N., Shal, T., & Ghamrawi, N. A. (2024a). Exploring the impact of AI on teacher leadership: Regressing or expanding? Education and Information Technologies, 29(7), 8415–8433.
21. Ghamrawi, N., Shal, T., & Ghamrawi, N. A. (2024b). School leadership 4.0: Are we ready? In S. Papadakis (Ed.), IoT, AI, and ICT for educational applications: Technologies to enable education for all (pp. 173–190). Springer Nature Switzerland.
22. Grassini, S. (2023). Shaping the future of education: Exploring the potential and consequences of AI and ChatGPT in educational settings. Education Sciences, 13(7), 692, Article 692.
23. Green, F. (2021). British teachers’ declining job quality: Evidence from the skills and employment survey. Oxford Review of Education, 47(3), 386–403.
24. Herold, B. (2019, June 4). Forty percent of elementary school teachers’ work could be automated by 2030, McKinsey Global Institute predicts. EducationWeek. https://www.edweek.org/education/forty-percent-of-elementary-school-teachers-work-could-be-automated-by-2030-mckinsey-global-institute-predicts/2019/06
25. Huang, M. -H., & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155–172.
26. Huang, M.-H., Rust, R., & Maksimovic, V. (2019). The feeling economy: Managing in the next generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). California Management Review, 61(4), 43–65.
27. Igbokwe, Innocent. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Educational Leadership: Risks and Responsibilities. European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. 1(3), 3-10.
28. Kafa, Antonios. (2025). Exploring integration aspects of school leadership in the context of digitalization and artificial intelligence. International Journal of Educational Management. 39(2). 98-115.
29. Karakose, T., & Tülübas, T. (2024). School leadership and management in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Recent developments and future prospects. Educational Process: International Journal, 13(1), 7–14.
30. Karakose, T., Demirkol, M., Yirci, R., Polat, H., Ozdemir, T. Y., & Tülübaş, T. (2023). A conversation with ChatGPT about digital leadership and technology integration: Comparative analysis based on human–ai collaboration. Administrative Sciences, 13(7), 157.
31. Khosravi, H., Shum, S. B., Chen, G., Conati, C., Tsai, Y.-S., Kay, J., Knight, S., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Sadiq, S., & Gašević, D. (2022). Explainable artificial intelligence in education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100074, Article 100074.
32. Lee, M., Hayes, D., & Maher, C. S. (2024). AI as a budgeting tool: Panacea or pandora’s box? Public Finance Journal, 1(1), 49–65.
33. Nabiyev, V. & Erümit, A. K. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education, from theory to practice. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publication.
34. Reid, D. B., & Creed, B. M. (2023). Visible at night: US school principal nontraditional work-hour activities and job satisfaction. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(5), 1123–1140.
35. Robinson, V., & Gray, E. (2019). What difference does school leadership make to student outcomes? Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 49(2), 171–187.
36. Schildkamp, K., Poortman, C. L., Ebbeler, J., & Pieters, J. M. (2019). How school leaders can build effective data teams: Five building blocks for a new wave of data-informed decision making. Journal of Educational Change, 20(3), 283–325.
37. Sebastian, J., Camburn, E. M., & Spillane, J. P. (2018). Portraits of principal practice: Time allocation and school principal work. Educational Administration Quarterly, 54(1), 47–84.
38. Sposato, M. Artificial intelligence in educational leadership: a comprehensive taxonomy and future directions. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 22, 20 (2025).
39. Van Quaquebeke, N., & Gerpott, F. H. (2023). The now, new, and next of digital leadership: How artificial intelligence (AI) will take over and change leadership as we know it. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 30(3), 265–275.
40. Wang, J., Fan, W. ( 2025). The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis. Humanit Soc Sci Commun, 12( 621) , 1 -17.
41. Wang, Y. (2021). Artificial intelligence in educational leadership: A symbiotic role of human-artificial intelligence decision-making. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(3), 256–270.
42. Yilmaz, A., Tekin, M.Z., Koç, A., Altun, R., & Aydın, M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence In Educational Management: Current Research, International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 10(29), 157-179.
43. Zhang, Y., Adams, D., & Cheah, K. S. L. (2022a). The relationship between technology leadership and teacher ICT competency in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 10285–10307.
44. Zhang, Y., Adams, D., & Cheah, K. S. L. (2023). Technology leadership for schools in the twenty-first century. In D. Adams (Ed.), Educational leadership: Contemporary theories, principles, and practices (pp. 151–165). Springer.
Published
2025-09-20
How to Cite
Dr. Amnah Dammas, & Sharaf Al-Zahrani. (2025). Transforming School Administration with Artificial Intelligence: Applications, Implications, and Future Directions: (A Conceptual Framework). Journal of Educational and Human Sciences, (47), 156-174. https://doi.org/10.33193/JEAHS.47.2025.680
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