مدى فعالية الأنظمة المعنية بسلاسل الإمداد في توفير بيئة مثلى للتجارة الإلكترونية في المملكة العربية السعودية في ضوء التجارب العالمية
الكلمات المفتاحية:
سلاسل الإمداد، التجارة الإلكترونية، الأنظمة اللوجستية، المملكة العربية السعودية، البنية التحتية، التقنيات الحديثة، الكفاءة، التحديات، الاستراتيجيات، التجارب العالمية
الملخص
تناولت هذه الدراسة موضوعًا حيويًا ومتنامي الأهمية، وهو مدى فعالية الأنظمة المعنية بسلاسل الإمداد في المملكة العربية السعودية في توفير بيئة مثلى للتجارة الإلكترونية، وذلك في ضوء التجارب العالمية. هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم شامل للوضع الراهن للأنظمة الداعمة لسلاسل الإمداد في المملكة، وتحديد نقاط القوة والضعف مقارنة بالتجارب العالمية الرائدة، واستخلاص أفضل الممارسات التي يمكن تطبيقها محليًا. في سبيل تحقيق هذا الهدف، سعت الدراسة إلى تحديد التحديات التي تواجه تطوير سلاسل الإمداد في المملكة.
تشتمل الدراسة على مبحثين رئيسيين. تناول المبحث الأول دور سلاسل الإمداد في تعزيز التجارة الإلكترونية، مع التركيز على الواقع والتحديات في المملكة العربية السعودية. وقد شمل ذلك تعريف سلاسل الإمداد ومكوناتها، وبيان العلاقة الوثيقة بين كفاءة سلاسل الإمداد ونمو التجارة الإلكترونية، وتحليل العوامل المؤثرة في فعالية سلاسل الإمداد، واستعراض التطورات العالمية في هذا المجال، وتقييم دور الأنظمة اللوجستية في دعم التجارة الإلكترونية في المملكة، وذلك بهدف الوقوف على مواطن الضعف ذات الطابع القانوني في جميع العناصر ذات العلاقة بسلاسل الامداد. أما المبحث الثاني، فقد ركز على تقييم فعالية أنظمة سلاسل الإمداد في السعودية مقارنة بالتجارب العالمية، وتقديم استراتيجيات مقترحة للتطوير. وقد تضمن ذلك تحديد مؤشرات قياس كفاءة سلاسل الإمداد، وإجراء مقارنة بين الأنظمة اللوجستية في السعودية والتجارب العالمية، واقتراح استراتيجيات لتطوير سلاسل الإمداد في المملكة.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج تشير إلى أن المملكة العربية السعودية تتمتع بمقومات قوية تدعم تطوير سلاسل الإمداد، مثل الموقع الجغرافي الاستراتيجي والاقتصاد القوي والدعم الحكومي. ومع ذلك، تواجه المملكة بعض التحديات التي تتطلب المعالجة، مثل تفضيل الدفع عند الاستلام وصعوبات التوصيل في الميل الأخير. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تبني استراتيجيات شاملة لتطوير سلاسل الإمداد، تشمل تطوير الإطار التشريعي والتنظيمي، وتحسين البنية التحتية الرقمية واللوجستية، وتعزيز الشراكات بين القطاعين العام والخاص، والاستثمار في التقنيات الحديثة، ، وتنمية الكفاءات البشرية، وتعزيز الوعي لدى المستهلكين.
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قائمة المراجع (مختصرة بنظام OSCOLA):
1. المملكة العربية السعودية، نظام التجارة الإلكترونية (م/126 لعام 1440هـ) ولائحته التنفيذية.
2. المملكة العربية السعودية، نظام حماية المستهلك (م/101 لعام 1443هـ).
3. المملكة العربية السعودية، نظام المعاملات المدنية (م/191 لعام 1444هـ).
4. الهيئة العامة للمنافسة، تقارير سنوية عن التجارة الإلكترونية في المملكة (2022–2024).
2. Agrawal, D. K., & Sikka, A. K. (2018). Big data: Its implications on supply chain. International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 11(2), 69-81.
3. Al-Ghamdi, R., & Drew, S. (2012). E-commerce in Saudi Arabia: Adoption and perspectives. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 17(2).52
4. Al-Maghrabi, T., & Dennis, C. (2010). Driving online shopping: Spending and behavioral differences among women in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 5(1), 30-47.
5. Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 12(2), 125-143.
6. Arvis, J. F., Mustra, M. A., Ojala, L., Shepherd, B., & Saslavsky, D. (2010). Connecting to compete 2010: Trade logistics in the global economy. The World Bank.
7. Arvis, J. F., Mustra, M. A., Ojala, L., Shepherd, B., & Saslavsky, D. (2018). Connecting to Compete 2018: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy. The World Bank.
8. Beamon, B. M. (1998). Supply chain design and analysis: Models and methods. International Journal of Production Economics, 55(3), 281-294.
9. Bowersox, D. J., Closs, D. J., & Cooper, M. B. (2002). Supply chain logistics management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. (Listed twice in your original list, combined here)
10. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.
11. Carbonneau, R., Laframboise, K., & Vahidov, R. (2008). Application of machine learning techniques for supply chain demand forecasting. European Journal of Operational Research, 184(3), 1140-1154.
12. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., & Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact. MIS Quarterly, 36(4), 1165-1188.
13. Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2007). Supply chain management: Strategy, planning, and operation. Pearson Education.
14. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed.
15. European Commission. (2017). Consumer behavior in a digital environment.
16. Faber, N., De Koster, R. B. M., & Van De Velde, S. L. (2002). Linking warehouse complexity to warehouse planning and control structure: An exploratory study of the use of warehouse management information systems. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. 389
17. Figliozzi, M. A. (2010). Vehicle routing problem for emissions minimization. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2197), 1-7.
18. Frazelle, E. (2002). Supply chain strategy: The logistics of supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Professional. (Listed twice, combined)
19. Gunasekaran, A., & Ngai, E. W. (2004). Information systems in supply chain integration and management. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(2), 269-295.
20. He, Y., Ghobadian, A., & Gallear, A. (2013). Knowledge acquisition in supply chain partnerships: The role of power. International Journal of Production Economics, 141(2), 627-638.
21. Hofmann, E., & Rüsch, M. (2017). Industry 4.0 and the current status as well as future prospects on logistics. Computers in Industry, 89, 23-34.
22. Hugos, M. H. (2018). Essentials of supply chain management. John Wiley & Sons.
23. Kärkkäinen, M. (2003). Increasing efficiency in the supply chain for short shelf life goods using RFID tagging. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.532
24. Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2010). Principles of marketing. Pearson education.
25. Lambert, D. M., & Cooper, M. C. (2000). Issues in supply chain management. Industrial Marketing Management, 29(1), 65-83.
26. Lambert, D. M., Stock, J. R., & Ellram, L. M. (1998). Fundamentals of logistics management. Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
27. Lee, H. L., & Billington, C. (1992). Managing supply chain inventory: Pitfalls and opportunities. Sloan Management Review, 33(3), 65.
28. Lee, J., Bagheri, B., & Kao, H. A. (2015). A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 3, 18-23.
29. Manyika, J., Chui, M., Brown, B., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Roxburgh, C., & Byers, A. H. (2011). Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity. McKinsey Global Institute.
30. McKinsey & Company. (2020). Reimagining the last mile: Design principles for an integrated delivery ecosystem.
31. Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). The NIST definition of cloud computing. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
32. Mentzer, J. T., DeWitt, W., Keebler, J. S., Min, S., Nix, N. W., Smith, C. D., & Zacharia, Z. G. (2001). Defining supply chain management. Journal of Business Logistics, 22(2), 1-25. (Listed Twice, Combined)
33. Ministry of Commerce, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (2020). National E-Commerce Strategy.
34. Ministry of Commerce, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, (2020) National E-Commerce Strategy & Ministry of Transport and Logistic Services, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,(2021) National Transport and Logistics Strategy,
35. Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT). (2020). National Digital Transformation Unit Annual Report. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
36. Ministry of Transport and Logistic Services, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (2021). National Transport and Logistics Strategy. (Listed Multiple Times, Combined)
37. OECD. (2016). Consumer Protection in E-commerce.
38. OECD. (2019). OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook 2018.
39. OECD. (2019). Unpacking E-commerce: Business Models, Trends and Policies. OECD Publishing, Paris.
40. Oxford Business Group. (2022). The Report: Saudi Arabia 2022.
41. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.
42. Premkumar, G. (2000). Interorganization systems and supply chain management: an information processing perspective. Information Systems Management, 17(3), 56-69.
43. PwC. (2016). Shifting patterns: The future of the logistics industry.
44. Reichheld, F. F. (2003). The one number you need to grow. Harvard Business Review, 81(12), 46-55.
45. Rodrigue, J. P. (2020). The geography of transport systems. Routledge.
46. Rogers, D. S., & Tibben-Lembke, R. S. (1999). Going backwards: reverse logistics trends and practices (Vol. 2). Pittsburgh, PA: Reverse Logistics Executive Council.
47. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., & Baker, P. (2014). The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. (Listed Twice, Combined)
48. Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO). (2019). Technical Regulation for E-commerce.
49. Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P., & Simchi-Levi, E. (2008). Designing and managing the supply chain: Concepts, strategies and case studies. McGraw-Hill Education.
50. Tax, S. S., & Brown, S. W. (1998). Recovering and learning from service failure. Sloan Management Review, 40(1), 75.
51. UNCTAD. (2021). Digital Economy Report 2021.
52. World Bank. (2016). Connecting to Compete 2016: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy. The World Bank.
53. World Bank. (2017). Public-Private Partnerships: Reference Guide Version 3.0.
54. World Bank. (2018). Logistics Performance Index: Connecting to Compete.
55. World Bank. (2023). Saudi Arabia Economic Update.
56. World Economic Forum. (2019). The Future of Jobs Report 2018.
57. World Economic Forum. (2020). The Global Competitiveness Report 2020.
58. World Economic Forum. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020.
59. World Trade Organization (WTO). (2019). E-commerce, trade and the WTO.
60. Zhang, Z., & Chen, X. (2018). Research on the coordinated development of e-commerce and logistics in China. Journal of Systems Science and Information, 6(3), 266-280.
61. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, Digital Services Act.
62. Singapore Electronic Transactions Act (2010).
63. WTO, Trade Facilitation Agreement (2017).
64. 64.Saudi Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL), Executive Regulations 2023.
قائمة المراجع (مختصرة بنظام OSCOLA):
1. المملكة العربية السعودية، نظام التجارة الإلكترونية (م/126 لعام 1440هـ) ولائحته التنفيذية.
2. المملكة العربية السعودية، نظام حماية المستهلك (م/101 لعام 1443هـ).
3. المملكة العربية السعودية، نظام المعاملات المدنية (م/191 لعام 1444هـ).
4. الهيئة العامة للمنافسة، تقارير سنوية عن التجارة الإلكترونية في المملكة (2022–2024).
منشور
2024-09-23
كيفية الاقتباس
د. حسام إبراهيم فلاتة. (2024). مدى فعالية الأنظمة المعنية بسلاسل الإمداد في توفير بيئة مثلى للتجارة الإلكترونية في المملكة العربية السعودية في ضوء التجارب العالمية. Journal of Educational and Human Sciences, (39), 286-301. https://doi.org/10.33193/JEAHS.39.2024.695
إصدار
القسم
المقالات
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 د. حسام إبراهيم فلاتة
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