The Concept of Life between Linguistic and Philosophical Connotations and the Islamic Vision

(A critical study)

Abstract

This study examines the concept of life as a central theme in human thought, highlighting its diverse linguistic, philosophical, and Islamic dimensions. The research addresses the problem of the varied and sometimes conflicting definitions of life among linguists and philosophers, contrasted with the clarity and coherence of the Islamic worldview, which integrates both the metaphysical and material aspects of existence and defines human purpose in this world and the hereafter.

‏The study explores the linguistic meanings of life in classical Arabic lexicons, followed by major philosophical perspectives in ancient Greek and Eastern traditions, illustrating the differences between material, spiritual, and existential interpretations. It also analyzes the Qur’anic and Prophetic usages of the term life, which include righteous living, the afterlife, physical existence, birth, and the divine attribute of eternal life.

‏Additionally, the research traces the development of the concept of life in ancient Egyptian, Indian, Chinese, and Greek civilizations, showing how each culture constructed its own understanding of life, death, and continuity. The study concludes that the Islamic perspective offers a balanced and holistic conception that harmonizes body and soul, assigns a moral and spiritual purpose to human existence, and provides a coherent framework for individual and societal development.