Saudi Educational Missions to US Universities
(A historical study)
Keywords:
history of education, Saudis in the United States, international students, educational scholarships
Abstract
Their excellent reputation and academic quality distinguish higher education institutions in the United States of America, as American universities always lead the educational rankings of the best higher education institutions in the world. American universities are characterized by cultural diversity and a significant representation of international students, as international students constitute approximately 5% of the total number of students in higher education institutions in the United States. International students from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia make up a large part of the total number of international students in higher education institutions in America. Saudi international students came as this country's fourth largest group of international students. The study aims to discover the most important facts, statistics, and information related to the history of Saudi missions to the United States from the fourth decade of the last century until 2021. The researcher used the historical method to suit the objectives of the study.
References
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4. المعاطي، محمد . (2011 ) مجلة المبتعث. العدد 194
5. الملحقية الثقافية في أمريكا. (2023). عن الملحقية: https://us.moe.gov.sa/ar/about/Pages/default.aspx.
6. الهيئة العامة للإحصاء. (2021). الكتاب الإحصائي السنوي
7. وزارة التعليم (2019). رحلة الابتعاث.. من 14 طالبًا إلى 78 ألف مبتعَث في 31 دولة. https://www.moe.gov.sa/ar/news
8. وزارة التعليم. (2021). نشأة التعليم.
9. حنوش، رنيم. (2016). مجلة المبتعث من المغتربين السعوديين وإليهم. صحيفة الشرق الأوسط (أكتوبر 2016).https://www.moe.gov.sa/ar/aboutus/aboutministry/Pages/About.aspx
10. وزارة الخارجية .(2017). أول سعودي سافر إلى أمريكا وعمل في بالتجارة في عام 1909م.
11. وكالة الابتعاث. (2021م). برنامج خادم الحرمين الشريفين للابتعاث الخارجي. https://departments.moe.gov.sa/Scholarship/AltmuzProgram/Pages/default.aspx
12. Abdel Razek, A. (2012). An Exploration of the Case of Saudi Students' Engagement, Success and Self-Efficacy at a Mid-Western American University. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/
13. Al Morshedi, G. (2011). Academic socialisation: A comparative study of the experiences of the Emirati and Saudi students at U.S. universities (Doctoral thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. UMI: 3586866
14. Al Remaih, D. (2016). Social and academic challenges facing Saudi female students in the United States of America.
15. Alanazy, M. M. (2013). Participation in online and face-to-face discussions: Perceptions of female Saudi students in the United States (Unpublished dissertation). University of Northern Colorado, Greely, CO
16. Albeshir, S. (2019). How do instructors in American post-secondary schools perceive their undergraduate saudi international students?
17. Albeshir, S. (2019). How Do Instructors in American Post-secondary Schools Perceive Their Undergraduate Saudi International Students?
18. Albeshir,S.(2022). Challenges of Saudi International Students in Higher Education Institutions in the United States - A Literature Review. Journal of Education Practice
19. Albeshir. (2019).Saudi Arabian students in the United States. Amazon. Seattle, USA.
20. Alden, J., & Lin, G. (2004). Benchmarking the characteristics of a world-class university: Developing an international strategy at university level. Leadership Foundation for Higher Education, Londres.
21. AlDossari, A. S (2016).Factors Contributing to College Retention of Undergraduate Saudi Students Studying in the United States. (Doctoral Dissertation). ProQuest 10154257
22. Alenezi, N. (2019). Educational and Social Experiences of Saudi Graduate Students in the USA: A Basic Qualitative Study
23. Alfauzan, A. M. (1993). The impact of American culture on the attitudes of Saudi Arabian students in the United States toward women's participation in the labor force in Saudi Arabia.
24. Al-Gahtani, T. M. S. (1983). SPONSORING SAUDI MALE GRADUATES IN THE UNITED STATES AND THEIR ACADEMIC COMMITMENT: KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY CASE.
25. Al-Ghamdi, H. A. (1985). A study of selected aspects of the academic pursuits of Saudi Arabian government master’s degree scholarship students in the United States of America.
26. Al-Harthi, F.I. (1987). Saudi undergraduate students in U.S. universities: An exploratory study of their performance.
27. Alhojailan, A. (2015). Perceptions of academic writing by some Saudi graduate students studying in American universities.
28. Al-Jasir, A. S. H. (1994). Social, cultural, and academic factors associated with adjustment of Saudi students in the United States.
29. Al-Khedair, K. S. (1978). Cultural perception and attitudinal differences among Saudi Arabian male college students in the United States.
30. Almotery, A. (2009). Saudi students' expectations, motivations, and experiences at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.Almotery, A. F. (2014). The King's Vision: An Exploration of Saudi Arabian Students' Journeys in the United States. Cardinal Stritch University.
31. Almusaiteer, S. S. 2015. Saudi Students’ Experience of Intercultural Communication. Thesis Master. The Graduate Faculty, University of Akron.
32. Al-Nassar, F. M. (1982). Saudi Arabian educational mission to the United States (Doctoral dissertation).
33. Al-nusair, D. M. (2000). An assessment of college experience and educational gains of Saudi students studying at US colleges and universities.
34. Alobidan, I. (2020). Self-efficacy and academic Adjustment’s effect on the academic performance of saudi graduate students in US universities (Order No. 27993389). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2451393487). Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.sdl.idm.oclc.org/docview/2451393487?accountid=142908
35. Alqahtani, E. M. (2020). VISION 2030 AND FAMILY: SAUDI ARABIAN MALES'PERCEPTION AFTER STUDYING IN THE UNITED STATES (Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron).
36. Alreshoud, A., & Koeske, G. F. (1997). Arab students' attitudes toward and amount of social contact with Americans: A causal process analysis of cross-sectional data. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(2), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549709595434
37. Al-Romahe, M. (2018). Saudi International University Students' Perceptions of their Relationships with American Teachers at a Large Western Research University.
38. Alruwaili, T. O. (2017). Self-identity and community through social media: The experience of Saudi female international college students in the United States.
39. Alsabatin, H. Y. (2015). Experiences of Saudi students attending a US University: A qualitative study (Doctoral dissertation, Wichita State University).
40. Alsanea, F. (2017). How Saudi Students Adjust to the Gender Environment in the United States: A Study of the Strategies Couples Use (University of Cincinnati).
41. Alshaya, M. (2005). A sociological study of the attitude of Saudi students in the United States toward women's roles in Saudi Arabia.
42. Al-Shehry, A. M. (1989). An investigation of the financial and academic problems perceived by Saudi graduate students while they are studying in the United States (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Oregon State University, Corvallis.
43. Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of studies in international education, 11(3-4), 290-305.
44. Al-Thobaiti, S. (2019). Saudi student perspectives of experiential learning programs at an American university (Doctoral dissertation, Wichita State University).
45. American Association of Community Colleges. (2021). Fast Facts. https://www.aacc.nche.edu/research-trends/fast-facts
46. Arafeh, A. (2017). From the Middle East to the Midwest: The transition experiences of Saudi female international students at a Midwest university campus (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database
47. Bok, D. (2015). Higher education in America. Princeton University Press.
48. Brey, C., Musu, L., McFarland, J., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., Diliberti, M., Zhang, A., Branstetter, C., and Wang, X. (2019). Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups 2018 (NCES 2019-038). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved [date] from https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/.Brutt-Griffler, J., Nurunnabi, M., & Kim, S. (2020). International Saudi Arabia Students' Level of Preparedness: Identifying Factors and Maximizing Study Abroad Experience Using a Mixed-Methods Approach. Journal of International Students, 10(4).
49. Caldwell, J. D. (2013). Examining the experiences and adjustment challenges of Saudi Arabian students in the California state university system (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. (ED564743)
50. El-Banyan, A. S. (1975). Cross-cultural education and attitude change: A study of Saudi Arabian students in the United States (Doctoral dissertation, ProQuest Information & Learning).
51. General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT). (2020). Statistical Yearbook (55th ed.). Riyadh
52. Heyn, M. E. (2013). Experiences of Male Saudi Arabian International Students in the United States (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI.
53. Hofer, V. J. (2009). The identification of issues serving as barriers to positive educational experiences for Saudi Arabian students studying in the state of Missouri.
54. Ibraheem, A. I., Devine, C., & Scott, S. (2018). Saudi students, American academic library: revisited. Reference Services Review.
55. Institute of International Education. (2020). "Fields of Study of Students from Selected Places of Origin, 2009/10 - 2019/20." Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.opendoorsdata.org.
56. Institute of International Education. (2021). Report of the open doors on international educational exchange. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/opendoors
57. Institute of International Education. Open Doors Report 2019. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors.
58. Institute of International Education.(2021).Global Mobilit
59. Institute of International Education.(2023).Open Doors: Report on International Educational Exchange.
60. Irwin, V., Wang, K., Tezil, T., Zhang, J., Filbey, A., Jung, J., Bullock Mann, F., Dilig, R., and Parker, S. (2023). Report on the Condition of Education 2023 (NCES 2023-144). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved [date] from https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2023144.
61. Ismail, M. A. R. (1976). Cross-cultural Study of Moral Judgments: The Relationship Between American and Saudi Arabian University Students on the Defining Issues Test (Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University).
62. Jammaz, A. I. A. (1972). SAUDI STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A STUDY OF THEIR ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS.
63. Lee, J. J. (2008). Beyond borders: International student pathways to the United States. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12(3), 308-327.
64. Lee, J. J. (2010). International students’ experiences and attitudes at a US host institution: Self-reports and future recommendations. Journal of Research in International Education, 9(1), 66-84.
65. Lee, J. J., Maldonado-Maldonado, A., & Rhoades, G. (2006). The political economy of international student flows: Patterns, ideas, and propositions. In HIGHER EDUCATION: (pp. 545-590). Springer, Dordrecht.
66. Lefdahl-Davis, E. M., & Perrone-McGovern, K. M. (2015). The cultural adjustment of Saudi women international students: A qualitative examination. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 46(3), 406-434.
67. Macias, T. (2016). Saudi women studying in the United States: Understanding their experiences.
68. McFarland, J., Hussar, B., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Wang, K., Hein, S., Diliberti, M., Forrest Cataldi, E., Bullock Mann, F., and Barmer, A. (2019). The Condition of Education 2019 (NCES 2019-144). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved [date] from https://nces.ed.gov/ pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2019144.
69. Melius, C. M. (2017). Saudi Student Integration in Southeastern U.S. Institutions: A Study on the Impact of Academic, Social, and Cultural Adjustments Related to Academic Success (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. Retrieved from: https://etd.auburn.edu/handle/10415/5967
70. Mustafa, A. (1985). A study of the academic problems encountered by Saudi students at Western Michigan University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2348.Nobel Prize facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2021. Fri. 28 May 2021. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts
71. Rundles, K. (2013). Factors impacting the psychological adjustment of Saudi Arabian international students in the United States: Self-esteem, social support, and discrimination (Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of
72. Sandekian, R. E., Weddington, M., Birnbaum, M. & Keen, J. K. (2015). A narrative inquiry into academic experiences of female Saudi graduate students at a comprehensive doctoral university. Journal of Studies in International Education, 19(4), 360-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315315574100.
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Published
2023-08-27
How to Cite
Dr. Saud G. Albeshir. (2023). Saudi Educational Missions to US Universities: (A historical study). Journal of Educational and Human Sciences, (26), 144-168. https://doi.org/10.33193/JEAHS.26.2023.385
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